![]() This paper is motivated by the potential to reduce deadhead mileage of ridesourcing trips by providing drivers with information on future ridesourcing trip demand. However, there are growing concerns regarding their impact on urban transportation operations performance due to empty, unproductive miles driven without a passenger (commonly referred to as deadheading). The use of such services may be associated with car-light or car-free lifestyles. Their market share has grown exponentially due to the convenience they provide. Ridesourcing services provide alternative mobility options in several cities. ![]() This suggests that ride-hailing may induce demand for vehicle ownership, at least in the short to medium run. However, the effect of TNC entry varies by type of city, ranging from a 3.5% increase to a 0.7% decrease in vehicle registrations. Preliminary effects of TNC services on vehicle registrations across urban areas may indicate an increase in vehicle registrations of about 1%. Considering deadheading, fuel efficiency, and estimates of passenger pooling and modal shift (from literature), this study suggest that TNCs may increase energy use by 41-90% net compared to baseline pre-TNC personal travel. While deadheading increases energy use, vehicles used for ride-hailing tend to be newer, and more fuel efficient (twice as many hybrid-electric vehicles and on more » average, 3.2 miles per gallon more fuel efficient) than comparable vehicles registered in Austin. Using detailed data on individual rides provided by a TNC in Austin Texas, this study quantify the additional vehicle miles traveled (VMT) TNC drivers traveled without passengers (i.e., deadheading) to be 45%, and nearly equaled VMT with passengers. ![]() Several TNC areas were identified as key factors impacting transportation and energy including vehicle type, mode shifts, pooling, and deadheading. This research investigates how an emerging service - transportation network companies (TNCs) - impacts mobility and energy use. ![]() We estimate that the net more » effect of ridesourcing on energy use is a 41-90% increase compared to baseline, pre-TNC, personal travel. New generation battery electric vehicles with 200 miles of range would be able to fulfill 90% of full-time drivers' shifts on a single charge. Vehicles used for ridesourcing are on average two miles per gallon more fuel efficient than comparable light-duty vehicles registered in Austin, with twice as many are hybrid-electric vehicles. In addition, we estimate that TNC drivers drove 55% more miles between ride requests within 60 min of each other, accounting for 26% of total ridesourcing VMT. We conservatively estimate that TNC drivers commute to and from their service areas accounts for 19% of the total ridesourcing VMT. Using detailed data on approximately 1.5 million individual rides provided by RideAustin in Austin Texas, we quantify the additional miles TNC drivers travel: before beginning and after ending their shifts, to reach a passenger once a ride has been requested, and between consecutive rides (all of which is referred to as deadheading) and the relative fuel efficiency of the vehicles that RideAustin drivers use compared to the average vehicle registered in Austin. This paper identifies major aspects of ridesourcing services provided by Transportation Network Companies (TNCs) which influence vehicles miles traveled (VMT) and energy use.
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